presentation-rust-webapps/rust_web.org

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#+TITLE: Rust, Rocket and Diesel
#+SUBTITLE: Web apps with rust
#+DESCRIPTION: An introduction to Rust, Rocket and Diesel.
#+KEYWORDS: rust rocket diesel
#+AUTHOR: \href{mailto:rocket-presentation@onders.org}{finga}
#+EMAIL: rocket-presentation@onders.org
#+LANGUAGE: en
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* Rust

** What is Rust?
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*** Rust, the language
    - About 10 years young (2010)
    - Memory safe without gcing, optional ref counting
    - Ownership, lifetimes, traits
    - Variables are immutable by default and can be shadowed
    - Performance of idiomatic Rust is comparable to the performance
      of idiomatic cpp

** Where to get further information?

*** Docs...
    - [[https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/][The rust book]] (~$ rustup docs --book~)
    - [[https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/][Rust by example]] (~$ rustup docs --rust-by-example~)
    - [[https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/][The Rust Standard Library]] (~$ rustup docs --std~)
    - Use '~$ rustup help docs~' to get an overview
    - [[https://cheats.rs][cheats.rs]]
    - [[https://programming-idioms.org/cheatsheet/Rust][programming-idioms.org]]
    - [[https://cargo.io][cargo.io]]/[[https://lib.rs][lib.rs]]

*** Chat (Discord)
    - [[https://discord.gg/rust-lang][The Rust Programming Language]]
    - [[https://discord.com/invite/tcbkpyQ][The Rust Programming Language Community Server]]

** What are we going to use?

*** Definitely
    :PROPERTIES:
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    :END:
    - [[https://rocket.rs][rocket]]
    - [[https://diesel.rs][diesel]]
    - log/env_logger

*** Maybe
    :PROPERTIES:
    :BEAMER_col: 0.45
    :BEAMER_env: block
    :END:
    - anyhow
    - lettre
    - sha3
    - serde
    - chrono

** How to install

*** Install Rust
    #+BEGIN_SRC sh
    $ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf \
      https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
    #+END_SRC

*** Install nightly Rust (needed for Rocket)
    #+BEGIN_SRC sh
    $ rustup toolchain install nightly
    #+END_SRC

*** Install rustfmt (code formatter)
    #+BEGIN_SRC sh
    $ rustup component add rustfmt
    #+END_SRC

*** Install clippy (linter and static code analysis)
    #+BEGIN_SRC sh
    $ rustup component add clippy
    #+END_SRC

* Rocket

** What is Rocket?
   #+BEGIN_QUOTE
   Rocket is a web framework for Rust that makes it simple to write
   fast, secure web applications without sacrificing flexibility,
   usability, or type safety.
   #+END_QUOTE

*** Features

**** Col left
     :PROPERTIES:
     :BEAMER_col: 0.45
     :END:
     - Type Safe
     - Extensible
     - Templating
     - Cookies

**** Col right
     :PROPERTIES:
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     :END:
     - Streams
     - Testing (Unit tests)
     - Typed URIs

** Where to get further information?

*** Docs...
    :PROPERTIES:
    :BEAMER_col: 0.45
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    :END:
    - [[https://rocket.rs][rocket.rs]]
    - [[https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/][Rocket Guide]]
    - [[https://api.rocket.rs/v0.4/rocket/][Rocket API docs]]
    - [[https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/tree/v0.4/examples][Examples]]

*** Chat
    :PROPERTIES:
    :BEAMER_col: 0.45
    :BEAMER_env: block
    :END:
    - Matrix: [[https://chat.mozilla.org/#/room/%23rocket:mozilla.org][#rocket:mozilla.org]]
    - IRC on Freenode: [[https://kiwiirc.com/client/chat.freenode.net/#rocket][#rocket]]

* Diesel

** What is an ORM?
   Object-relational-mapping is a programming technique for converting
   data between incompatible type systems using the paradigms of your
   programming language.

*** Pros
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    - Models are DRY (don't repeat yourself)
    - Cleaner separation
    - Prepared and sanitised queries
    - Changes are versioned

*** Cons
    :PROPERTIES:
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    :END:
    - Debugging can get more complicated (performance)
    - No need to learn SQL

** Prerequisites ~diesel_cli~

*** Setup Diesel for default DBMS
    #+BEGIN_SRC sh
    $ sudo apt install libpq-dev libsqlite3-dev \
      default-libmysqlclient-dev
    $ cargo install diesel_cli
    #+END_SRC

*** Setup Diesel for SQLite only
    #+BEGIN_SRC sh
    $ sudo apt install libsqlite3-dev
    $ cargo install diesel_cli -no-default-features \
      --features sqlite
    #+END_SRC

** How does that look in Rust

*** Define a struct
    :PROPERTIES:
    :BEAMER_col: 0.50
    :BEAMER_env: block
    :END:
    #+BEGIN_SRC rust
    #[derive(Queryable)]
    pub struct NewComment<'a> {
        name: &'a str,
        email: &'a str,
        comment: &'a str,
    }
    #+END_SRC

*** Insert something
    :PROPERTIES:
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    :END:
    #+BEGIN_SRC rust
    let user = NewUser {
        name: "foo",
        email: "foo@bar.baz",
        comment: "A comment",
    };

    insert_into(comments)
        .values(&user)
        .execute(conn);
    #+END_SRC

** Where to get further information?

*** Docs...
    :PROPERTIES:
    :BEAMER_col: 0.45
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    :END:
    - [[https://diesel.rs][diesel.rs]]
    - [[https://diesel.rs/guides/][Diesel Guides]]
    - [[https://docs.diesel.rs/master/diesel/index.html][Diesel API docs]]
    - [[https://github.com/diesel-rs/diesel/tree/master/examples][Examples]] (minimalistic)

*** Support
    :PROPERTIES:
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    :END:
    - [[https://gitter.im/diesel-rs/diesel][Gitter]]
    - [[https://discourse.diesel.rs/][Discourse Forum]]

* Lets code something

** Lets create a small web app
   A mini text board where everybody can post and reply.

*** Caution
    HTML is not disabled!

** Let us start
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*** Steps to reproduce                                             :noexport:

**** Create new crate
     #+BEGIN_SRC sh
     cargo init simple_text_board
     cd simple_text_board
     rustup override set nightly
     cargo r
     #+END_SRC

* Conclusion

** What did we do?
   - Setup Rust and Diesel
   - Create a project with Rocket and Diesel prerequisites
   - Handle a SQLite DB with Diesel
   - Create Tera templates

** What did you hopefully learn!

** Two small projects

*** [[https://git.onders.org/finga/ldap0r][ldap0r]]
    :PROPERTIES:
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    - LDAP password reset tool
    - ($\sim$ 300 SloC)
    - First release
    - Tests

*** [[https://git.onders.org/finga/filerly][filerly]]
    :PROPERTIES:
    :BEAMER_col: 0.45
    :BEAMER_env: block
    :END:
    - File sharing a la NextCloud
    - Not yet ready, work in progress...

** The End
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   \Huge
   Thanks for your attention!!1!

   This is the end..
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