Fixes and content

rust-intro.org

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
     - Careless (use of ~unsafe~ in) libraries can secretly break
       safety guarantees.
 
-** Problems and security Rust tries to conquer
+** Problems Rust tries to conquer
    #+BEGIN_CENTER
    #+LaTeX:\includegraphics[width = 0.8\textwidth]{img/compiler_complaint.png}
    [fn:xkcd_dangling_pointer]
@@ -93,14 +93,14 @@
       --nomicon~)
     - Use '~$ rustup help docs~' to get an overview
 
-*** Other helpful sites
+*** Compact "cheat sheets"
     - [[https://cheats.rs][cheats.rs]]
     - [[https://programming-idioms.org/cheatsheet/Rust][programming-idioms.org]]
 
 ** Where to share, find help and stay up to date
 *** Online sharing/testing
     - [[https://play.rust-lang.org/][play.rust-lang.org]]
-    - [[https://godbolt.org/][godbolt.org]] (Not only for Rust, but it is also supported)
+    - [[https://godbolt.org/][godbolt.org]] (Not only Rust is supported)
 
 *** Chat (Discord)
     - [[https://discord.gg/rust-lang][The Rust Programming Language]]
@@ -115,9 +115,11 @@
    - Semicolons have meaning (statements vs. expressions)
    - Mutability
    - Shadowing
+   - Memory safety
+   - Ownership, references and lifetimes
    - Functional paradigms
    - Pattern matching
-   - Memory safety
+   - Metaprogramming (declarative and procedural macros)
    - Meaningful compiler warnings and errors
 
 ** Statements vs. expressions
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@
     fn_call();
     #+END_SRC
 *** Expressions
-    ~false~, ~x + y~, ~fn_call()~
+    ~false~, ~x + y~, ~fn_call()~, ~if~, ~match~
 *** Example
     #+BEGIN_SRC rust
     let bool_value = true;
@@ -156,16 +158,18 @@
     let baz = baz + 3;
     #+END_SRC
 
-** Type aliases
+# ** Type aliases
-*** Type aliases example
+#    The ~type~ keywoard declares an alias of another type.
-     #+BEGIN_SRC rust
-     type Frequency = u64;
-     let clock: Frequency = 8_000_000
 
-     #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+# *** Type aliases example
-     type u64_t = u64;
+#      #+BEGIN_SRC rust
-     let another_clock: Frequency = 16_000_000 as u64_t;
+#      type Frequency = u64;
-     #+END_SRC
+#      let clock: Frequency = 8_000_000
+
+#      #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#      type u64_t = u64;
+#      let another_clock: Frequency = 16_000_000 as u64_t;
+#      #+END_SRC
 
 ** Tuple structs
 *** Definition of a tuple struct
@@ -208,14 +212,15 @@
      let new_event = Event::Send("A message".to_owned());
      #+END_SRC
 
-** ~if let~
-
 ** Pattern matching and some macros
+
+   @@latex:{\color{red}@@All match arms must return the same type!!1!@@latex:}@@
+
 *** Simple ~match~
     #+BEGIN_SRC rust
     match an_enum {
         MyEnum::Something => todo!("This has to be done"),
-        MyEnum::SomethingElse(_) => unimplemented!("This is not implemented"),
+        MyEnum::SmthngElse(_) => unimplemented!("This is unimplemented"),
         MyEnum::AnotherThing(e) => println!("It is another thing: {}", e),
         _ => unreachable!(),
     };
@@ -231,6 +236,16 @@
     };
     #+END_SRC
 
+** ~if let~
+*** Simpler ~match~
+    #+BEGIN_SRC rust
+    if let Some(inner_value) = foo {
+        println!("Value: {}", inner_value);
+    } else {
+        println!("Nothing found");
+    }
+    #+END_SRC
+
 ** Loops[fn:reference_loops]
 *** Loops
     - ~loop~: infinite loops
@@ -243,6 +258,44 @@
     - ~continue~: exit the current iteration and jump to the loop
       header
 
+** Ownership
+   /Ownership/ is one of Rusts central concepts to achieve memory
+   safety without garbage collection.
+
+*** Ownership Rules
+    - Each value has a variable that is called its /owner/.
+    - There can only be one owner at a time.
+    - When the owner goes out of scope, the value will be dropped.
+
+** References
+   - A value can temporarily borrowed from its owner without
+     transferring ownership.
+   - There can be multiple immutable references.
+   - There can only be one mutable reference.
+   - The ~&~ symbol is the reference operator.
+   - The ~*~ symbol is the dereference operator.
+   - References are immutable by default, use the ~mut~ keyword to
+     make them mutable.
+
+** Lifetimes
+   - The Rust compiler (borrow checker) keeps track of how long
+     references (borrows) are valid.
+   - To ensure valid borrows and therefor prevent dangling borrows
+     /Lifetimes/ are used.
+   - /Lifetimes/ are annotations which tell the borrow checker how
+     long a borrow needs to be valid.
+   - /Lifetimes/ are implicit and inferred, that means the compiler
+     infers /lifetimes/ wherever possible.
+   - /Lifetimes/ must be annotated when the borrow checker cannot
+     infer them on its own.
+
+*** Struct with /lifetimes/
+    #+BEGIN_SRC rust
+    struct SomeApp<'a> {
+        config: &'a Config,
+    }
+    #+END_SRC
+
 ** Error related types
    - Heavy use of ~Option<T>~ and ~Result<T, E>~
 
@@ -327,7 +380,7 @@
     #+END_SRC
 
 
-** Use more functional language features
+** Use functional paradigms
    - ~vec![1, 2, 3].iter()~
    - ~vec![1, 2, 3].iter().sum()~
    - ~vec![1, 2, 3].iter().map(|x| x + 1).collect()~
@@ -440,9 +493,11 @@
    #+END_CENTER
 
 ** Install the Rust-Toolchain
-*** Install Rust
+*** Install the Rust toolchain ([[https://rustup.rs][~rustup.rs~]])
-    From [[https://rustup.rs][rustup.rs]]:
+    #+BEGIN_SRC sh
-    ~$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh~
+    $ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf \
+      https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
+    #+END_SRC
 
 *** Rustup: The Rust toolchain installer
     - Check for new versions: ~$ rustup check~
@@ -454,31 +509,9 @@
     - Activate nightly locally (in current dir):
       ~$ rustup override set nightly~
 
-** Handle the Rust toolchain with ~rustup~
-
-*** Install the Rust toolchain ([[https://rustup.rs][~rustup.rs~]])
-    #+BEGIN_SRC sh
-    $ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf \
-      https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
-    #+END_SRC
-
-*** Update ~rustup~
-     #+BEGIN_SRC sh
-     $ rustup self update
-     #+END_SRC
-
-*** Check for updates for installed toolchains
-     #+BEGIN_SRC sh
-     $ rustup check
-     #+END_SRC
-
-*** Update toolchains if outdated
-     #+BEGIN_SRC sh
-     $ rustup update
-     #+END_SRC
-
 ** IDE support aka are we IDE yet?[fn:areweideyet]
    \tiny
+#+attr_latex: :align c|ccccccccc
 |                     | \rotatebox{90}{Syntax highlightning (.rs)} | \rotatebox{90}{Syntax highlightning (.toml)} | \rotatebox{90}{Snippets} | \rotatebox{90}{Code Completion} | \rotatebox{90}{Linting} | \rotatebox{90}{Code Formatting} | \rotatebox{90}{Go-to Definiton} | \rotatebox{90}{Debugging} | \rotatebox{90}{Documentation Tooltips} |
 |---------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------|
 | Atom                | X                                          | X                                            | X                        | X                               | X                       | X                               | X                               |                           | X                                      |
@@ -503,9 +536,11 @@
 
 * Common Crates
 ** General
+*** General
     - [[https://crates.io][crates.io]]/[[https://lib.rs][lib.rs]]
     - [[https://github.com/rust-unofficial/awesome-rust][Awesome Rust]]
 
+*** Misc. Crates
     - dotenv
     - [[https://tokio.rs/][tokio]]
 
@@ -559,6 +594,11 @@
    - refinery
    - barrel
 
+** Tui
+   - rustyline: Line editing library
+   - tui: Library for ncurses like things
+   - crossterm: Cross-platform terminal manipulation library
+
 ** Gui ([[https://www.areweguiyet.com/][areweguiyet.com]])
    A small selection of crates I used/tried so far:
    - [[https://sixtyfps.io/][SixtyFPS]] (WASM support)
@@ -588,12 +628,11 @@
    # - arm
 
 ** Unikernel
-   https://unikernel.org
+   For general information about unikernels visit [[https://unikernel.org][unikernel.org]].
-
    - [[https://github.com/hermitcore/rusty-hermit][RustyHermit]]
 
 ** Thats it for now
-   \Huge
+   \Large
    #+BEGIN_CENTER
    Thank you for your attention!
 
@@ -603,11 +642,30 @@
    \normalsize
 
 *** To be continued
-    - Lifetimes
+
-    - Borrowing and Arrowing
+**** Column left
+     :PROPERTIES:
+     :BEAMER_col: 0.45
+     :END:
      - Traits
      - Generics
-    - ~macro_rules!~
+     - Type Aliases vs. New Type Idioms
+     - Ownership
+     - References and Slices
+     - Lifetimes
+     - Iterators
+     - Functional paradigms
+
+**** Column right
+     :PROPERTIES:
+     :BEAMER_col: 0.45
+     :END:
+     - Metaprogramming (macros)
+     - (Smart) Pointers
+     - Concurrency
+     - Object Oriented Programming
+     - Closures
+     - Async-Await
      - ~unsafe~ Rust
 
 * Footnotes