Fixes and content
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rust-intro.org
208
rust-intro.org
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
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- Careless (use of ~unsafe~ in) libraries can secretly break
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safety guarantees.
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** Problems and security Rust tries to conquer
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** Problems Rust tries to conquer
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#+BEGIN_CENTER
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#+LaTeX:\includegraphics[width = 0.8\textwidth]{img/compiler_complaint.png}
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[fn:xkcd_dangling_pointer]
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@ -93,14 +93,14 @@
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--nomicon~)
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- Use '~$ rustup help docs~' to get an overview
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*** Other helpful sites
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*** Compact "cheat sheets"
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- [[https://cheats.rs][cheats.rs]]
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- [[https://programming-idioms.org/cheatsheet/Rust][programming-idioms.org]]
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** Where to share, find help and stay up to date
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*** Online sharing/testing
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- [[https://play.rust-lang.org/][play.rust-lang.org]]
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- [[https://godbolt.org/][godbolt.org]] (Not only for Rust, but it is also supported)
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- [[https://godbolt.org/][godbolt.org]] (Not only Rust is supported)
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*** Chat (Discord)
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- [[https://discord.gg/rust-lang][The Rust Programming Language]]
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@ -115,9 +115,11 @@
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- Semicolons have meaning (statements vs. expressions)
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- Mutability
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- Shadowing
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- Memory safety
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- Ownership, references and lifetimes
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- Functional paradigms
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- Pattern matching
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- Memory safety
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- Metaprogramming (declarative and procedural macros)
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- Meaningful compiler warnings and errors
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** Statements vs. expressions
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@ -127,7 +129,7 @@
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fn_call();
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#+END_SRC
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*** Expressions
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~false~, ~x + y~, ~fn_call()~
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~false~, ~x + y~, ~fn_call()~, ~if~, ~match~
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*** Example
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#+BEGIN_SRC rust
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let bool_value = true;
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@ -156,16 +158,18 @@
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let baz = baz + 3;
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#+END_SRC
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** Type aliases
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*** Type aliases example
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#+BEGIN_SRC rust
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type Frequency = u64;
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let clock: Frequency = 8_000_000
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# ** Type aliases
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# The ~type~ keywoard declares an alias of another type.
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#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
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type u64_t = u64;
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let another_clock: Frequency = 16_000_000 as u64_t;
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#+END_SRC
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# *** Type aliases example
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# #+BEGIN_SRC rust
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# type Frequency = u64;
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# let clock: Frequency = 8_000_000
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# #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
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# type u64_t = u64;
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# let another_clock: Frequency = 16_000_000 as u64_t;
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# #+END_SRC
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** Tuple structs
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*** Definition of a tuple struct
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@ -208,14 +212,15 @@
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let new_event = Event::Send("A message".to_owned());
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#+END_SRC
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** ~if let~
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** Pattern matching and some macros
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@@latex:{\color{red}@@All match arms must return the same type!!1!@@latex:}@@
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*** Simple ~match~
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#+BEGIN_SRC rust
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match an_enum {
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MyEnum::Something => todo!("This has to be done"),
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MyEnum::SomethingElse(_) => unimplemented!("This is not implemented"),
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MyEnum::SmthngElse(_) => unimplemented!("This is unimplemented"),
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MyEnum::AnotherThing(e) => println!("It is another thing: {}", e),
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_ => unreachable!(),
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};
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@ -231,6 +236,16 @@
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};
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#+END_SRC
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** ~if let~
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*** Simpler ~match~
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#+BEGIN_SRC rust
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if let Some(inner_value) = foo {
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println!("Value: {}", inner_value);
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} else {
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println!("Nothing found");
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}
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#+END_SRC
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** Loops[fn:reference_loops]
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*** Loops
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- ~loop~: infinite loops
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@ -243,6 +258,44 @@
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- ~continue~: exit the current iteration and jump to the loop
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header
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** Ownership
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/Ownership/ is one of Rusts central concepts to achieve memory
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safety without garbage collection.
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*** Ownership Rules
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- Each value has a variable that is called its /owner/.
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- There can only be one owner at a time.
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- When the owner goes out of scope, the value will be dropped.
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** References
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- A value can temporarily borrowed from its owner without
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transferring ownership.
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- There can be multiple immutable references.
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- There can only be one mutable reference.
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- The ~&~ symbol is the reference operator.
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- The ~*~ symbol is the dereference operator.
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- References are immutable by default, use the ~mut~ keyword to
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make them mutable.
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** Lifetimes
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- The Rust compiler (borrow checker) keeps track of how long
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references (borrows) are valid.
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- To ensure valid borrows and therefor prevent dangling borrows
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/Lifetimes/ are used.
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- /Lifetimes/ are annotations which tell the borrow checker how
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long a borrow needs to be valid.
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- /Lifetimes/ are implicit and inferred, that means the compiler
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infers /lifetimes/ wherever possible.
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- /Lifetimes/ must be annotated when the borrow checker cannot
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infer them on its own.
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*** Struct with /lifetimes/
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#+BEGIN_SRC rust
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struct SomeApp<'a> {
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config: &'a Config,
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}
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#+END_SRC
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** Error related types
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- Heavy use of ~Option<T>~ and ~Result<T, E>~
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@ -327,7 +380,7 @@
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#+END_SRC
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** Use more functional language features
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** Use functional paradigms
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- ~vec![1, 2, 3].iter()~
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- ~vec![1, 2, 3].iter().sum()~
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- ~vec![1, 2, 3].iter().map(|x| x + 1).collect()~
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@ -440,9 +493,11 @@
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#+END_CENTER
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** Install the Rust-Toolchain
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*** Install Rust
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From [[https://rustup.rs][rustup.rs]]:
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~$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh~
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*** Install the Rust toolchain ([[https://rustup.rs][~rustup.rs~]])
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh
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$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf \
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https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
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#+END_SRC
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*** Rustup: The Rust toolchain installer
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- Check for new versions: ~$ rustup check~
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@ -454,60 +509,40 @@
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- Activate nightly locally (in current dir):
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~$ rustup override set nightly~
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** Handle the Rust toolchain with ~rustup~
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*** Install the Rust toolchain ([[https://rustup.rs][~rustup.rs~]])
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh
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$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf \
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https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
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#+END_SRC
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*** Update ~rustup~
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh
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$ rustup self update
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#+END_SRC
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*** Check for updates for installed toolchains
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh
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$ rustup check
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#+END_SRC
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*** Update toolchains if outdated
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#+BEGIN_SRC sh
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$ rustup update
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#+END_SRC
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** IDE support aka are we IDE yet?[fn:areweideyet]
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\tiny
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#+attr_latex: :align c|ccccccccc
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| | \rotatebox{90}{Syntax highlightning (.rs)} | \rotatebox{90}{Syntax highlightning (.toml)} | \rotatebox{90}{Snippets} | \rotatebox{90}{Code Completion} | \rotatebox{90}{Linting} | \rotatebox{90}{Code Formatting} | \rotatebox{90}{Go-to Definiton} | \rotatebox{90}{Debugging} | \rotatebox{90}{Documentation Tooltips} |
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|---------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------|
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| Atom | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | X |
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| Emacs | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | X |
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| Sublime | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | |
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| Vim/Neovim | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | X |
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| VS Code | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
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| BBedit | X | X | X | | | X | X | | |
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| Geany | X | | | | | | | | |
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| gedit | X | | | X | | | X | | |
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| Kakoune | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | X |
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| Kate | X | X | | X | X | X | X | | |
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| Micro | X | X | | | X | X | | | |
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| Midnight Commander | X | | | | | | | | |
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| Textadept | X | X | X | X | X | | X | | |
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| Atom | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | X |
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| Emacs | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | X |
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| Sublime | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | |
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| Vim/Neovim | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | X |
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| VS Code | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
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| BBedit | X | X | X | | | X | X | | |
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| Geany | X | | | | | | | | |
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| gedit | X | | | X | | | X | | |
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| Kakoune | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | | X |
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| Kate | X | X | | X | X | X | X | | |
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| Micro | X | X | | | X | X | | | |
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| Midnight Commander | X | | | | | | | | |
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| Textadept | X | X | X | X | X | | X | | |
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|---------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------|
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| Eclipse | X | | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
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| IntelliJ-based IDEs | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
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| Visual Studio | X | | | X | | | X | X | |
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| GNOME Builder | X | | X | X | X | X | X | | |
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| Ride | X | | | | | | | | |
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| Eclipse | X | | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
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| IntelliJ-based IDEs | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
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| Visual Studio | X | | | X | | | X | X | |
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| GNOME Builder | X | | X | X | X | X | X | | |
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| Ride | X | | | | | | | | |
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* Common Crates
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** General
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- [[https://crates.io][crates.io]]/[[https://lib.rs][lib.rs]]
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- [[https://github.com/rust-unofficial/awesome-rust][Awesome Rust]]
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*** General
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- [[https://crates.io][crates.io]]/[[https://lib.rs][lib.rs]]
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- [[https://github.com/rust-unofficial/awesome-rust][Awesome Rust]]
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- dotenv
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- [[https://tokio.rs/][tokio]]
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*** Misc. Crates
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- dotenv
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- [[https://tokio.rs/][tokio]]
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** Parsing/Encoding
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- clap: The command line argument parser (if starting a new project
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@ -559,6 +594,11 @@
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- refinery
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- barrel
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** Tui
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- rustyline: Line editing library
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- tui: Library for ncurses like things
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- crossterm: Cross-platform terminal manipulation library
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** Gui ([[https://www.areweguiyet.com/][areweguiyet.com]])
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A small selection of crates I used/tried so far:
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- [[https://sixtyfps.io/][SixtyFPS]] (WASM support)
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# - arm
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** Unikernel
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https://unikernel.org
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For general information about unikernels visit [[https://unikernel.org][unikernel.org]].
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- [[https://github.com/hermitcore/rusty-hermit][RustyHermit]]
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** Thats it for now
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\Huge
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\Large
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#+BEGIN_CENTER
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Thank you for your attention!
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\normalsize
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*** To be continued
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- Lifetimes
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- Borrowing and Arrowing
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- Traits
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- Generics
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- ~macro_rules!~
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- ~unsafe~ Rust
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**** Column left
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_col: 0.45
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:END:
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- Traits
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- Generics
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- Type Aliases vs. New Type Idioms
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- Ownership
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- References and Slices
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- Lifetimes
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- Iterators
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- Functional paradigms
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**** Column right
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_col: 0.45
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:END:
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- Metaprogramming (macros)
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- (Smart) Pointers
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- Concurrency
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- Object Oriented Programming
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- Closures
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- Async-Await
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- ~unsafe~ Rust
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* Footnotes
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[fn:rust_fungus] [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bruine_roest_op_tarwe_(Puccinia_recondita_f.sp._tritici_on_Triticum_aestivum).jpg][Wikimedia]]
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